这个故事最先发表在1860年哥本哈根出版的《新的童话和故事集》第一卷第四部。这个故事与《柳树下的梦》、《依卜和克丽斯玎》和《老单身汉的睡帽》,在情节、感情和气氛方面有很多相似之处——都是天真无邪的真挚爱情,在人生的坎坷之路上最后发展成为悲剧,调子是低沉的。这就不得不使人联想起安徒生本人一生在爱情上的遭遇。但他不愿意使读者感到过于哀伤,所以他就照例求助于上帝,使他老人家动用他的慈悲,把人间的悲哀转化成为“幸福”——当然是虚无缥缈幻想中的“幸福”,像《卖火柴的小女孩》一样。“她把手向雨尔根伸来,他们一起走向祭坛:他们曾经在这儿跪过。牧师把他们的手拉到一起,把他们结为爱情的终身伴侣。”
关于这篇故事,安徒生在他1869年出版的《故事全集》中写道:“我发现这里(即安徒生当时访问过的斯卡根和尤特兰西海岸)的大自然和生活习俗很美。它们成为溶进我的创作中的思想基础。这些思想长期萦绕在我的脑际。它们源于我和丹麦诗人奥伦施拉格的一次谈话。他的话在我年轻的心里留下了很深的印象。不过那时我的理解只停留在字面上,不像现在这样清楚。 “我们谈到‘永恒’的问题,奥伦施拉格问:‘你为什么那样有把握,认为此生以后还有另一个生命?’我向他肯定,我完全相信这一点,根据是上帝的大公无私。不过我对他讲的时候,我使用了不恰当的字眼:‘这是人的要求’。
“于是他继续说:‘你敢于要求永恒的生命,不觉得僭越吗?上帝不是在此生已经给了你无限的恩惠吗?我知道上帝已经给了我深厚的恩惠。当我死时闭上眼睛的当儿,我将怀着感激的心情向他祈祷,感谢他。如果他还要给我一个新的、永恒的生命,我将作为一项新的无限深广的恩典来接收它。’
“我说:‘你很容易说这样的话,在这个世界上上帝给你的赐予已经不少了,我也可以这样说。不过想想看,在这个世界上活着的许多人,却不能这样说——许多人身体有病,神智不健全,在最悲痛的情况下过日子,忧伤和贫困一直伴随着他们。为什么他们要这样受难呢?为什么我们的份额是如此不平等呢?这是极错误的,而上帝就不应该做错误的事!因此上帝得作出补偿。他将作出我们所做不到的事:他将给我们永恒的生命!’这番谈话就使我产生了写《沙丘的故事》的动机。”
这番谈话说明了安徒生的上帝观,也说明了他的苦闷:他无法解释他自己的生存——特别是他在爱情上的遭遇。
A Story from the SandHills沙丘的故事
This story is from the sanddunes or sandhills of Jutland,but it does not begin there in the North,but far away in the South,in Spain. The wide sea is the highroad from nation to nation,journey in thought,then,to sunny Spain. It is warm and beautiful there. the fieryfiery adj.火的,火焰的,炽热的,热烈的 pomegranate flowers peep from among dark laurels,a cool refreshing breeze from the mountains blows over the orange gardens,over the Moorish halls with their golden cupolas and coloured walls. Children go through the streets in procession with candles and waving banners,and the sky,lofty and clear with its glittering stars,rises above them. Sounds of singing and castanetscastanets n.响板(用硬木或象牙制成的) can be heard,and youths and maidens dance upon the flowering acacia trees,while even the beggar sits upon a block of marble,refreshing himself with a juicy melon,and dreamily enjoying life. It all seems like a beautiful dream.
这是尤兰岛许多沙丘上的一个故事,不过它不是在那里开始的,唉,是在遥远的、南方的西班牙发生的。海是国与国之间的公路——请你想像你已经到了那里,到了西班牙吧!那儿是温暖的,那儿是美丽的;那儿火红的石榴花在浓密的月桂树之间开着。一股清凉的风从山上吹下来,吹到橙子园里,吹到摩尔人的有金色圆顶和彩色墙壁的辉煌的大殿上。孩子们举着蜡烛和平荡的旗帜,在街道上游行;天空中闪着明亮的星星。处处升起一起歌声和响板声,年轻的男女在槐花盛开的槐树下跳舞,而乞丐则坐在雕花的大理石上吃着水汪汪的西瓜,然后在昏睡中把日子打发过去。这一切就像一个美丽的梦一样!
Here dwelt a newly married couple who completely gave themselves up to the charm of life,indeed they possessed every good thing they could desire—health and happiness,riches and honour.
日子就是这样地过去了,一对新婚夫妇就是这样;此外,他们享受着人世间一切美好的东西:健康和愉快的心情、财富和尊荣。
“We are as happy as human beings can be.” said the young couple from the depths of their hearts. They had indeed only one step higher to mount on the ladder of happiness—they hoped that God would give them a child,a son like them in form and spirit. The happy little one was to be welcomed with rejoicing,to be cared for with love and tenderness,and enjoy every advantage of wealth and luxury that a rich and influential family can give. So the days went by like a joyous festival.
“我们快乐得不能再快乐了!”他们内心深处这样说。不过他们的幸福还可以再前进一步,而这也是可能的,只要上帝能赐给他们一个孩子——在精神和外貌上像他们的一个孩子。他们将会以最大的愉快来迎接这个幸福的孩子,用最大的关怀和爱来抚养他;他将能享受到一个有声望、有财富的家族所能供给的一切好处。日子一天一天地过去,像一个个快乐的节日一样。
“Life is a gracious gift from God,almost too great a gift for us to appreciate!” said the young wife. “Yet they say that fulness of joy for ever and ever can only be found in the future life. I cannot realise it!”
“生活像一件充满了爱的、大得不可想像的礼物!”年轻的妻子说,“圆满的幸福只有在死后的生活中才能不断地发展!我不理解这种思想。”
“The thought arises,perhaps,from the arrogance of men.” said the husband. “It seems a great pride to believe that we shall live for ever,that we shall be as gods! Were not these the words of the serpentserpent n.大毒蛇,阴险的人,the father of lies?”
“这无疑地也是人类的一种狂妄的表现!”丈夫说,“有人相信人可以像上帝那样永恒地活下去——这种思想,归根结底,是一种自大狂。这也就是那条蛇——谎言的祖宗——说的话!”
“Surely you do not doubt the existence of a future life?” exclaimed the young wife. It seemed as if one of the first shadows passed over her sunny thoughts.
“你对于死后的生活不会有什么怀疑的吧?”年轻的妻子说。看样子,在她光明的思想领域中,现在第一次飘来了一个阴影。
“Faith realises it,and the priests tell us so,” replied her husband,“but amid all my happiness I feel that it is arrogant to demand a continuation of it—another life after this. Has not so much been given us in this world that we ought to be,we must be,contented with it?”
“牧师们说过,只有信心能保证死后的生活!” 年轻人回答说,“不过在我的幸福之中,我觉得,同时也认识到,如果我们还要求有死后的生活——永恒的幸福——那么我们就未免太大胆,太狂妄了。我们在此生中所得到的东西还少吗?我们对于此生应当、而且必须感到满意。”
“Yes,it has been given to us,” said the young wife,“but this life is nothing more than one long scene of trial and hardship to many thousands. How many have been cast into this world only to endure povertypoverty n.贫穷,贫困,贫乏,缺少,shame,illness,and misfortune? If there were no future life,everything here would be too unequally divided,and God would not be the personificationpersonification n.化身 of justice.”
“是的,我们得到了许多东西,”年轻的妻子说,“但是对于成千上万的人说来,此生不是一个很艰苦的考验吗?多少人生到这个世界上来,不就是专门为了得到穷困、羞辱、疾病和不幸吗?不,如果此生以后再没有生活,那么世界上的一切东西就分配得太不平均,上帝也就太不公正了。”
“The beggar there,” said her husband,“has joys of his own which seem to him great,and cause him as much pleasure as a king would find in the magnificence of his palace. And then do you not think that the beast of burden,which suffers blows and hunger,and works itself to death,suffers just as much from its miserable fate? The dumb creature might demand a future life also,and declare the law unjust that excludesexclude vt.拒绝接纳,把……排除在外,排斥 it from the advantages of the higher creation.”
“街上的那个乞丐有他自己的快乐,他的快乐对他说来,并不亚于住在华丽的皇宫里的国王,”年轻的丈夫说,“难道你觉得那劳苦的牲口,天天挨打挨饿,一直累到死,它能够感觉到自己生命的痛苦吗?难道它也会要求一个未来的生活,也会说上帝的安排不公平,没有把它列入高等动物之中吗?”