强调是有效地进行思想交流的重要手段之一，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。人们在交际过程中，为了使自己的思想能为听者或读者恰当地理解，必须突出重要的内容，这就需要运用强调的手段。
英语中的强调句式主要有“It is … that …”句型、“do/does/did+动词原形”和“Wh- ...is ...”。下面就让我们一起来学习强调句吧！
35.1“It is … that …”句型
这是一种最常见的强调句型。利用这种句型可以强调除谓语动词外的大多数句子成分，所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语、表语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。
1.基本结构
这种强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was+被强调部分（主语、宾语、宾语补足语或状语等）+ that/who +句子的其他部分。
一般说来，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that 或who；被强调的部分是宾语，指人时也可以用whom；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。例如：
Tom missed the first lesson yesterday because he was caught in the traffic jam.（原句）
It was Tom who missed the first lesson yesterday because he was caught in the traffic jam.
（强调主语）
It was the first lesson that Tom missed yesterday because he was caught in the traffic jam.
（强调宾语）
It was yesterday that Tom missed the first lesson because he was caught in the traffic jam.
（强调时间状语）
It was because Tom was caught in the traffic jam that he missed the first lesson yesterday.
（强调原因状语）
2.时态
如果原句中谓语动词使用的是现在范畴的时态（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等），用“It is ...that ...”。如果原句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等），则用“It was ...that ...”。例如：
It is the boy who/that speaks English best in the class.（is 与speaks 时态保持一致）
就是这个小男孩在班里讲英语讲得最好。
It was on Sunday that he gave George this ticket.(was 与gave 时态保持一致)
他是在星期天把票给了乔治的。
有时，be 前可使用表示推测的情态动词。例如：
It must be Peter who has let this secret out.
一定是彼得将这个秘密泄露出去的。
It might be last night that they did their homework.
他们也许是昨晚做完作业的。
3.人称和数
被强调的成分为原句的主语时，that 或who 之后的谓语动词应与被强调的名词或代词在人称和数方面保持一致，从而选用恰当的动词形式。例如：
It is you who/that are wrong.
是你错了。
It is I who/that am answering the question.
是我回答的问题。
但是如果被强调的部分是人称代词，那么应用人称代词主格形式，但在口语或非正式文体中也可以用其宾格形式，此时that 或who 的谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式is 或was。例如：
It is me who is being asked the favor.
是我被请求提供帮助。
另外，在“It is/was ...， not ...that ...”句型中，其谓语动词应与肯定部分的词保持一致关系。
It is my brother， not I that studies in that school.
是我哥哥而不是我在那所学校上学。
It is you， not your sister that are in charge of the company.
是你而不是你妹妹在掌管这家公司。
4.疑问句的强调结构
强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，要在主句中用一般疑问句的顺序。例如：
Was it yesterday that he met my old friend？
是不是在昨天他碰到了我的老朋友？
Was it in the war that he lost his son？
是不是在战争中他丢失了自己的儿子？
强调特殊疑问句中的疑问词，其结构模式是“疑问词+ is/was+it+that ...”。它同感叹句的强调模式极其相似，首先将疑问句开头的部分作为强调部分，套入强调结构，然后再将其变为疑问句。例如：
Who was it that you want to see？
谁想见你？
Where was it that you saw the teacher？
你是在哪儿看到老师的？
Why is it that you want to change your mind？
你为什么想改变主意？
5.强调含有not until的句子在强调not until 句型时，not 位于until 从句前，主句谓语动词作相应变化，即“It is(was) +not until 从句+ that +其他”。例如：
It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.
回家后她才记起同医生的预约。
It was not until 12o"clock last night that my brother came home.
昨天晚上12点我弟弟才回家。
注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till 和until 可通用；因为句型中“It is/was not ...”已经是否定句了，that 后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
6.感叹句的强调结构
感叹句的强调结构既要体现强调句型的形式特征，又要体现感叹句的自然语序。例如：
How excited he looks！
→ How excited it is that he looks！
他看上去多么激动啊！
What a bright boy he is！
→ What a bright boy it is that he is！
你弟弟多么聪明啊！
7.强调句型的鉴别方法及相似句型的辨析
判断“It is/was ...”这样的句型是不是强调句，只需把“It is/was”和“who/that”去掉，如果意思是完整的，就是强调句；反之，就不是。以下列第二个句子为例，去掉“It is/was”和“who/that”，意思没有改变，仍然是一个完整的句子，因为引导词“It is/was ...”和“who/that”不充当句子成分。试比较：
It is strange that he didn"t come yesterday.
很奇怪，他昨天没有来。（非强调句）
It is you and Tom that didn"t come yesterday.
昨天是你和汤姆没来。（强调句）
显然，第一个句子去掉“It is ...that ...”后，句子结构不完整，是主语从句；第二个句子去掉“It is ...that ...”后，句子变为“you and Tom didn"t come yesterday”，仍是一个表意完整的句子，所以这是一个强调句。
Task 1
选择题。
A.when B.before C.since D.that
1.It was 9years ago I graduated from this world famous university.
2.It will be 9years they meet in New York.
3.It is 9years he came to live here.
4.It was 9years he spent in the primary school.
5.It was not long the Chinese people began to fight against Japanese.
6.It was 9o"clock in the evening he came to visit me.
35.2“do/does/did+动词原形”句型
“It is/was ...that ...”结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does 或did。
例如：
Do come earlier.
一定要早点来。
We"re pleased that she does intend to come.
她的确打算来，我们很满意。
Do be careful when you cross the street.
过马路时，一定要小心。
注意：此种强调只用do/does 和did，没有其他形式；句子为过去时态时用did，后面的谓语动词使用原形。
35.3Wh-句型
（1）除了上述两种强调句型外，比较常见的还有“Wh- ...”结构的句型（简称Wh-强调句），它同样具有很浓的强调意味。如果把“Wh- ...be ...”删去，所剩的仍然是一个完整的句子。例如：
What Oliver wanted is more food.(= Oliver wanted more food.)
奥利弗想要更多的食物。
注意：Wh-和be 在句子中都可以担任成分。上面的句子可以看成是What 引导一个主语从句，be 是系动词，后面是表语。Wh-强调句可用来强调主语、宾语、表语。例如：
What Charles Dickens wrote novels about was Victorian London.
查尔斯·狄更斯的小说写的是维多利亚时代的伦敦。
What I felt when I saw the woman was beautiful.
看到那位女士时，我的感觉是漂亮。
（2）Wh-强调句还可以通过使用代动词do来强调句中的谓语动词或作宾语补足语的非谓语动词。例如：
What I want to do now is (to) get there as quickly as I can.
我现在想做的是尽可能快地到那儿。
（3）在这一句型中，be 后面作表语的不定式可以省略to，如果所强调的动词是进行时，那么is 之后用-ing形式和它相配。例如：
What I"m doing now is teaching him a lesson.
我现在这样做是为了给他一次教训。
（4）Wh-强调句中的what 从句，间或也作表语。例如：
This is what he spoke at the meeting.
这就是他在会上讲话的内容。
（5）Wh-强调句的wh-从句，有时可能是以who， where 或when 引起的，它们通常只用作表语。例如：
This headmaster was who I meant.
我指的就是校长。
Here is where the accident happened last week.
这儿就是上周事故发生的地方。
35.4用if 来表示强调（1）if 从句+I don"t know who/what， etc.does/is/has， etc.。主语部分也可以用nobody does/is/has， etc.或everybody does/is/has， etc.来代替（这里的if 从句往往是正话反说或反话正说）。例如：
If he can"t do it， I don"t know who can.
要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。（强调只有他能做）
If Jim is a coward， everybody is.
要是吉姆是个胆小鬼，那么人人都是胆小鬼。（强调吉姆不是胆小鬼）
（2）if 从句+it be 主句，即把所要强调的内容放在it be 的后面，把其他内容放在由if 引导的从句中。例如：
If anyone knew the truth， it was Tom.
如果说有人了解事实的真相，那便是汤姆。
If there is one thing he loves， it is money.
如果说世界上还有他爱的东西，那便是金钱。
Dialogue & Analysis（此处有视频学习资料）
A： The magazine is not in the least interesting.（否定句中的not 后面可以加not at all， in the least， by any means 等短语以加强语气。）What a beautiful girl.（可以用感叹句来加强语气。）I have never seen such a beautiful girl.（可以用all， really， so， such 等副词或短语来加强语气。）
B： Very tired I am.（将宾语或表语放在句首可以加强语气。）Can I sit here？
97A： Sorry， sir.This seat has been taken by someone else.
C： Anybody here？
A： No.Sit down， please.
B： But you said the seat had been taken just now.
A： It is this girl who has taken this seat.［强调句用来强调句中非动词，即主语、宾语或修饰语等，其结构为“It is (was)+被强调部分+that(who， whom)”］
A： She is my sister.Why are you laughing？ Don"t you believe me？
B： I do believe you.（强调句用来强调句中的谓语动词，用do/does/did+动词原形构成。）
B： But I am just her father.When on earth did I have a son？（疑问句中疑问词后面可以加in the world 或on earth 来加强语气。）
R
ole Play
Watch the video one more time， try to imitate the dialogue with your partners， and then， show your performance to your classmates.
选择题。
1.It is the ability to do the job matters not which university you graduated from.
A.one
B.that
C.what
D.it
2.Tom said that it was due to his strong interest in history he chose the course.
A.that
B.what
C.why D.how
3.It is these chemical products can cause the symptoms of the disease， such as headache and sore throat.
A.who
B.that
C.how
D.what
4.Why！ I have nothing to confess.you want me to say？
A.What is it that
B.What it is that
C.How is it that
D.How it is that
5.It was with great joy he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.
A.because
B.which
C.since
D.that
6.A terrible accident ， however， happen yesterday.
A.does
B.did
C.has to
D.had to
7.It was not until she got to the language lab Mary realized she had forgotten to take the earphone.
A.when
B.that
C.where
D.before
8.It was black home after the experiment.
A.not until midnight did he go
B.until midnight that he didn"t go
C.not until midnight that he went
D.until midnight when he didn"t go
9.- that he was able to get the top secret？
- Oh， a friend of his helped him.
A.Where was it
B.What was it
C.How was it
D.Why was it
10.It was the coaching that he received as a young men made him such a good football player.
A.that
B.has
C.what
D.later
11.that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point.
A.During the 1960"s
B.It was in the 1960"s
C.That it was in the 1960"s
D.It was the 1960"s
12.It was the middle-age man had been in in prison saved the drowning boy.
A.who；that
B.which；that
C.that；which
D.where；that
13.Was that skipped the English yesterday？
A.you it
B.that you
C.it you
D.who that
14.It was the heavy snow prevented us from coming to the English class.
A.who
B.which
C.as
D.that
15.It was she was about to go out someone texted（发短信）him.
A.when；that
B.so；that
C.before；then
D.when；before
16.It was he did to his mother took me aback.
A.it；when
B.that；what
C.that；when
D.what；that
17.It was in the small house was built with bricks by his parents he spent his childhood.
A.which；which
B.that， where
C.which；that
D.that；which
18.It was his hard work Mary got promoted.
A.as；which
B.for；which
C.for；that
D.because；that
19.It was the school gate I saw him quarrel with his girlfriend.
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.when
20.I don"t know that you stay here.
A.how long it is
B.how long is it
C.it is how long
D.is it how long
Fun Time（此处有视频学习资料）
Watch & Enjoy
In this section， you are going to watch an interesting flash.
