Climber is self explanatory，it climbs．Some are siblings（同属）of species and old garden roses（O．G．R．）that had long arching canes（细长的茎，藤条）especially from the species．Some others are descendants of the shrub and ramblers（蔓生植物）．The correct description of climber is large flowered climber（L．C．L．）and not just plain climber as it is commonly known．Unlike climbing plants，such as ivy（［植］常春藤）that has tendrils（［植］卷须，蔓）（suction cups or curly end vines）that attach themselves to the surface to which they are growing，climbers require some sort of trellis or fence whereby the canes can weave themselves in and out and around，thus being able to“hang on”or better yet，to be tied down by man．
As growth begins and with man’s help，if the canes are secured loosely in a horizontal position the canes will produce much more lateral［横（向）的，侧面的］growth（all vertical）and every vertical producing a flower as a spectacular sight to behold．When the canes reach the end of the trellis or fence merely bend them back towards the bush and again attached loosely．By the end of the first season the entire trellis will be covered with growth．I recommend that instead of planting the climbers in the usual straightup position，angle the bush toward its wall，fence，trellis［格架，（墙、篱、凉亭等的）格子］，etc．
Many of today’s climbers are sports or mutations［（生物物种的）突变］of modem roses，many of the Tea，Grandiflora，Floribunda（［植］花束月季）and miniature wood has been grafted onto climbing root stock．There is one exception：Climbing“Summer Snow”is considered a species original．
Miniatures are much smaller in every sense of the word．Its leaves，stems and flowers are much smaller than its 4modern brothers and sisters．They range from 3″—4″to 2′0″or more with the climbers reaching 3′—4′．They are available in all colors and blends except blue and black．Unlike the full size modern roses，minis are available all year long for starting indoors as well as outdoors．It is by far the most disease free of all the modern roses．
Polyanthas are the parents of today’s Floribunda．They are low growing making an excellent plant for hedging or edging especially in view of the fact they are remontant（一季多次开花的）（repeat bloomers（灯笼裤））．Most have single flowers（less than 10petals）．Remember，most single flower rose bushes are not very susceptible（易受影响的，易感动的，容许……的）to disease．The Polyantha is a very hardy plant that flowers in clusters．
Shrub：The American Rose Society（A．R．S．）has created this class for all bush rose plants that didn’t seem to fit within any other class．The Shrubs are easy care very hardy plants．Some are very tall，creating excellent living screen fencing．Some are so short they lend themselves well as ground covers．Some bloom only once a year，typical of many species，while others bloom throughout the growing season．There are many that produce rose hips，an excellent source of Vitamin C．If you do plan to harvest rose hips for jelly（果子冻，一种果冻甜品），remember no spraying with chemicals．I would only use organic fertilizers．
Tree Roses：All tree roses（also called standards）are not cross pollinated．They are produced mechanically i．e．by grafting．All tree roses are derived from 3separate bushes，one for the root system，one for the length of the stem and one for the flowers．The stems are available in various lengths 15″—18″for miniatures，24″—30″—36″for Floribundas and Hybrid teas．If you live in a cold weather climate，I suggest that you plant them in corresponding（相应的，通讯的）size pots that can be stored in a protected area（such as the garage）during winter．If they are planted directly in the garden at the beginning of their dormant cycle，the tree roses must be dugup—laid down in trenches（沟渠，战壕）and covered over until spring．They are a very tender plant that requires T．L．C．When planted directly in the garden using miniatures at the base with contrasting or companion colors it creates a ground cover．The combination is very spectacular（引人入胜的，壮观的）．
State Flag州旗
本州现在使用的州旗是美国革命战争时的现代版。在蓝底的州旗上有着本州的州徽，在州徽中心位置是一个盾牌，上面饰有一条河流和两艘船。在后面是三座山，在它们的中心位置有一光芒四射的太阳。在盾牌上是一只鹰，它张开翅膀，站在地球仪上。盾牌两边的画像则象征自由和正义。在盾牌是本州箴言：“不断攀登”。
The device of arms of the State flag was adopted in 1778and the present flag is a modern version of a Revolutionary War Flag．The original is at the Albany Institute of History and Art．
The State Flag depicts（描述，描写）the Great Seal of the State of New York（pictured above）on a blue background．In the center of the Great Seal is a shield，which shows two ships on a river；in the background are three mountains and centered above is a golden sun in a blue sky．Above the shield is an American eagle，wings spread，atop a globe．The figures on either side of the shield represent Liberty and Justice．On a banner（旗帜，横幅，标语）below is the State motto，Excelsior，which means“Ever Upward．”
State Song州歌
I Love New York
I Love New York
（repeat 3times）
There isn’t another like it．
No matter where you go．
And nobody can compare it．
It’s win and place and show．
New York is special．
New York is diff’rent’cause there’s no place else
on earth quite like New York and that’s why
I Love New York．（repeat 3times）
Facts and Trivia相关资料
1．The first American chess tournament（比赛，锦标赛，联赛）was held in New York in 1843．
2．The 641mile transportation network known as the Governor Thomas E．Dewey Thruway（高速公路，快速公路）is the longest toll road in the United States．
3．A brewer named Matthew Vassar founded Vassar College in Poughkeepsie in 1861．
4．In 1979Vassar students were the first from a private college to be granted permission to study in the People’s Republic of China．
5．The Fashion Institute of Technology in Manhattan is the only school in the world offering a Bachelor of Science Degree with a Major in Cosmetics（化妆品）and Fragrance Marketing．
6．Union College in Schenectady is regarded as the Mother of Fraternities（友爱）because Delta Phi is the oldest continually operating fraternity and Kappa Alpha and Sigma Phi Societies were started on the campus．
7．The Woodstock Music and Arts Fair was actually held in Bethel（圣地，礼拜堂，非国教徒的教堂）．
8．Dairying（制酪业）is New York’s most important farming activity with over 18，000cattle and or calves farms．
