On our way home we saw many sand dunes piled up by the winds.
我们在回家的路上看到许多被风吹积而成的沙丘。
Pile up the books on the table. 把书堆在桌上。
12. We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems
to have grown smaller. 现在我们有了快速的旅行方法, 这个大
洋似乎已经变得很小了。
1 )such.that 如此..以至于
It was such a warm day that I took off my coat.
天气很暖和, 所以我把大衣脱掉了。
One must live in such a way tha t others may live better.
一个人活着, 就是为了使别人过得更美好。
2 )grow 在这里是个连系动词, 意思是“ 变得”。
Truth never grows old. 真理永远不会过时。
She has grown big enough to wear her mother’s clothes.
她个子长得连她妈的衣服都能穿了。
Te xt B
The Moon 月球
Study of the Text
1.Yet a very little observation shows that the moon is not standing
still.
然而稍微观察一下就能看出月球并不是不动的。
stand 在这里是个不及物动词, 意思是“ 处于(某种状态)”。
The thermometer stood at 90F. 温度表上是华氏90 度。
He decided to tell us just how things stood with us.
他决定把我们的处境告诉我们。
有时后跟一形容词、过去分词作表语。
The contract sta nds good for a year.这项合同有效期一年。
Their plot now stood revealed. 他们的阴谋现在都暴露了。
2.It is our nearest neighbour in space, and like ourselves it is kept
tied to the earth by the earth’s gravitational pull. 它是太空中离我们最近的邻居, 正像我们人类一样, 它也摆脱不了地球的引力。
1 )辨异: as, like
在作“像”讲时, 两词很容易混淆。但是应该记住, as 是连词, 后面的动词或整个谓语部分往往可以省略；like 是介词, 后面的名词或代词是宾语。
She sings like a nightingale. 她唱起歌来像夜莺一样。
She sings as a nightingale. 她唱起歌来像夜莺一样好听。(后面省去了sings)
2 )tied to. gravitational pull 是过去分词短语作主语补足语。tie 在这里是个及物动词, 意思是“ 捆, 系, 拴”。
Let’s tie the books with string. 咱们拿线把书捆起来。
The horse was tied to a tree. 马被拴在一棵树上。
3.Artists could make their pictures better if they kept this in mind- only those parts of the moon which are lighted up by the sun are bright.
如果艺术家们记住这一点--只有被太阳照亮的那些部分才明亮, 那么, 他们的画会画得更好。
1 )这是一个含有虚拟语气的句子。this 代表破折号后面的那个
句子。which are lighted up by the sun 是个定语从句, 修饰part of the moon。
2 )keep.in mind 记住；想着
All the people must keep these lessons of history in mind.
这些历史教训, 所有的人都要牢记。
They always keep the interests of the collective in mind.
他们常想到集体利益。
3 )light up 照亮, 照明；亮起来
The fire lit up her face. 炉火照亮了她的脸。
The house was lighted up as though a big celebration was going on.
屋里灯火通明, 仿佛在举行盛大的庆祝活动似的。
The sky lights up at sunset. 在日落时, 天空亮了起来。
4.The light by which we see the old moon does not come from the
sun, but from the earth. 我们看见旧月所透过的光线并不是来自于太阳, 而是来自于地球。
1 )by which we see the old moon 是个定语从句, 修饰先行词light。
2 )介词by 在这里表示方法, 手段, 意思是“ 靠, 用, 通过”。
He makes a living by teaching. 他靠教书为生。
It is bad to read by candlelight. 在烛光下看书不好。
3 )come from 从..来, 来自
He came from Beijing yesterday. 他昨天从北京来。
The word comes from Latin. 这个词是从拉丁语来的。
5.They would speak of earthlight just as we speak of moonlight.
他们也会谈到地球光, 就像我们谈起月光一样。
1 )would 在这里表虚拟语气。
2 )speak of 谈到, 提起
I hope you will not speak of it again.
我希望你不要再谈起这事了。
They spoke of one particular case of gas-poisoning.
他们提到了煤气中毒的一个具体事例。
3 )just as 正像..一样, 正如..一样
She gave her life for the people just a s she had pledged at one of
the Party meetings. 正如她在一次党的会议上所说过的那样, 她
为人民献出了生命。
Electrons revolves round the nucleus of an atom just as the planets
revolve round the sun.
正像行星围绕太阳转动, 电子也围绕原子核转动。
练习答案
课文A 练习
I. 阅读理解:
1. d. 2. d 3. c 4. b 5. d
II. 选择下列单词完成句子:
1. long, wide 2. deep 3. around 4. across 5. high
III. 在需要处填上适当的冠词, 注意专有名词:
1. The,× ,× 2. The 3. the, the 4. × 5. × , a 6. × , the 7. × 8. The, the, the 9. The, the 10. × IV. 选择下列单词完成句子:
1. unwilling 2. average 3. take 4. is running 5. Suppose
V. 将下列句子译成英语:
1. There are 1 000 visitors on the average every day.
2. The Atlantic Ocean is half as big as the Pacific, but it is more than 4 000 miles wide.
3. It took him a long time to fall asleep last night.
4. There are so many advertisements on television that it is hard to remember how
many there are.
5. Many wrong ideas made people in Columbus’s days unwilling to sail west.
词汇练习
I. 用所给单词的适当形式填空, 注意词性:
1. a. sailed b. sailor c. sail 2. a. willing b. unwillingly c. unwilling 3. a. unusual b. usual c. usually 4. a. average(名词)b. average(形)c. average(动词)II. 用下列单词的正确形式填空:
1. peak 2. crew 3. average 4. boils 5. unusual
6. highway 7. narrow 8. salty 9. spot 10. affected
III. 将下列句子译成英语:
1. The sailors were afraid that they might meet with bad weather.
2. The mountain is half as high as Mount Tai.
3. There are 45 students on the average in each class of this shool.
4. The climate affects the plants’growth.
5. My work keeps piling up.
课文B 练习
I. 根据课文判断下列句子正确与否:
1.× 2. √ 3.× 4. √ 5.× 6. √ 7. √ 8.× 9.× 10. √
II. 根据课文填上所缺的内容:
1. three 2. the earth’s gravitational pull
3. it is near
4. 29
5. its own, reflects 6. disc
7.“ the old moon in the new moon’s arms” 8. outline
9. a huge mirror in the sky 10. might
词汇练习
I. 从右边一栏中找出与左边一栏单词相应的定义:
1. d 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. e
II. 选择填空:
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. D
语法练习
I. 给下列单词加后缀使之变成名词:
dependence explanation formation conclusion information movement meaning government graduation similarity confusion payment agreement advertisement announcement addition decision usefulness attraction mixture
II. 给下列单词加后缀使之变成形容词:
scientific successful responsible colorful national revolutionary additional helpful personal various educational meaningful acceptable useful woody active
III. 给下列单词加前缀使之变成其反义词:
disagree impractical independent uncover inexact incomplete disorder unhappy informal impossible inactive uncertain discharge dishonest impolite
IV. 说出划线单词的意思, 并把句子译成汉语:
1. 努力, 尝试
多次尝试之后他们终于成功了。
2. 发言权
妇女在所有的问题上都应有平等的权利发表意见。
3. 销售, 卖
三年后, 他们开始销售他们的产品。
4. 旅行为了到达那里, 他们不得不走遍这些山区。
5. 品牌, 样式
购物者更喜欢买我们的产品, 尽管猛一看这些产品似乎比其他产品价格高。
6. 鹦鹉学舌般地复述, 机械地复述
他机械地复述他的老板的每一种观点。
7. 喝酒
他们吃吃喝喝一直到深夜。
8. 使流入, 流入
这条小河注入了黄河。
9. 领导
后来, 他被任命为经理来领导这个公司。
10. 克服
这项政策将有助于克服这些困难。
11. 减慢
火车速度减慢了一半。
12. 售后的
如果你们能提供满意的售后服务,你们的产品在这里肯定会迅速占领的市场。
13. 用机器制造
这些机械工具是用来加工金属的。
14. 起飞
飞机起飞过程中不准抽烟。
15. 无线电控制
所有的模型飞机都用无线电控制。
16. 在商业区, 在闹市区
一条繁忙的商业街或一个购物中心通常是开餐馆的好位置。
17. 意志
有志者, 事竟成。
18. 供以房屋, 容纳
据说这套新房可供六口之家居住。
19. 流口水
看见苹果他的嘴里流出了口水。
20. 控制, 统治
有钱就有势。
